Word: stalins
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Kopelev, 67, an internationally known scholar of German literature, was accused in Sovietskaya Rossia of turning his Moscow flat "into a nest of ideological subversion and a place for meetings with Western emissaries." The paper also charged that Kopelev, a Jew who spent ten years in the Gulag under Stalin, "hates his homeland" and is "an enemy of the socialist system...
...1930s or dissident intellectuals in 1980-as traitors and fifth columnists. Ideology is important partly because it gives the Soviet leaders a sense of global mission and distinguishes their imperialism from that of the czars. But even when promulgating slogans about their obligations to the international working class, Lenin, Stalin and their successors devoted themselves to shoring up the security of the U.S.S.R. Making the world safe for socialism has always been a euphemism for protecting Soviet interests, just as championing "wars of national liberation" has been a pretext for installing comradely governments and thwarting the U.S. in the Third...
...chilling letter sent to his second wife in 1937, Trotsky described an early attempt to assassinate him. He wrote that the wife of a pro-Stalinist official named Vishniak, who "hated the official line and showed sympathy to me personally," had warned him that Stalin wanted to finish him off "accidentally." The accident actually took place on the anniversary of the October revolution in 1927 when shots aimed at Trotsky's car missed their target and killed a militiaman...
...many respects, Trotsky underestimated Stalin, whom he dismissed as a "gray, colorless mediocrity." In the early 1930s, his letters show, Trotsky believed he would soon be restored to power in Moscow. Trotsky's secretary in the years of exile, Frenchman Jean van Heijenoort, who catalogued the letters at Harvard, told TIME Correspondent Marlin Levin that only Hitler's rise and the destruction of the German Communist Party in 1933 shattered Trotsky's hopes...
...antiFascist, fled to France and later joined the Loyalist forces in the Spanish Civil War. After World War II he served as Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister in Italy's first postwar government. His alliance with the Communist Party and his opposition to NATO earned him the Stalin peace prize in 1951; he repudiated the award five years later, after the Soviets smashed the Hungarian revolution. In 1962 Nenni's Socialists joined the Christian Democrats in a center-left coalition that ruled for 14 years, during which he served as Deputy Prime Minister in three Cabinets...