Word: stalins
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...ballots in elections at their local party units; 91% had never before taken part in such a referendum. But when the 1,955 delegates converged last week on Warsaw's Palace of Culture and Science, a towering marble-and-granite edifice given to the Polish people by Joseph Stalin in the 1950s, they seemed determined to make the Ninth Congress of the Polish Communist Party a historic turning point for the whole nation...
...only for contempt of court, the time in prison irrevocably destroyed his health. Then, he was out again, only to be hauled in front of more committees. Hammett had always claimed to be a Marxist and a Socialist--and put no faith in the Fascism that increasingly crept into Stalin's Russia. But such subtleties were lost on the zealots. Marxism was considered synonymous with godless, atheist Ivans. The labor movements of the '20s and '30s simply did not translate...
...barbaric tribe from 433 to 453; Ivan the Terrible, nogoodnik Tsar of Russia from 1547 to 1584; Catherine de Medicis, Machiavelli-mentored Queen of France from 1547 to 1589 and noted butcher of Protestants; Abdul-Hamid II, murderous ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1876 to 1909; Joseph Stalin, Soviet leader from 1929 to 1953; Adolf Hitler, an automatic club member as leader of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945; Mao Tse-tung, Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976; and the only living honoree, Uganda's brutish, exiled Dictator Idi Amin. Seven politicians, a barbarian, a lady...
Evil abounds in the world evoked by Ginzburg. The Kolyma region where she was ultimately imprisoned was the largest and most terrible of the Stalin-era concentration-camp complexes, stretching a thousand miles from the Arctic Ocean to the Sea of Okhotsk. Alexander Solzhenitsyn has called Kolyma "the pole of cold and cruelty." It was a place of massacre, where 3 million died, the men digging for gold under the permafrost, the women felling trees at temperatures of -56° F. Young men dispatched to the mines quickly succumbed to tuberculosis. Ginzburg, who acted for a time as a medical...
Ginzburg experienced not only friendship and love in Kolyma but also snatches of happiness. The post-Stalin years found her desirous, not of bloody vengeance, like many ex-prisoners, but of telling her story of good and evil to Russia and the world. As her husband observed, "You just aren't very good at hating " How striking is the difference between Ginzburg's account of the camps and that of Solzhenitsyn, whose governing passion in the writing of The Gulag Archipelago was an unconquerable rage. No outsider in the West can hazard a judgment...