Word: standardization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Even in sports, standards of plain decency are as subject to interpretation as laws and rules. For instance, gamblers are generally not the National Football League's favorite types, and yet in 1933 the man who became the most beloved and benevolent citizen of the league bought his way into the business with winnings from horse bets. The Pittsburgh Steelers' owner, Art Rooney, really the city of Pittsburgh's Art Rooney, died last week at 87, still penciling the racing form. Rooney shared his hugest track windfall with his brother, a China missionary who unknowingly repaid him in soybeans. Based...
...Pledge of Allegiance issue is the product of Bush's opposition research team. In 1977, during Dukakis' first term as Governor, the Massachusetts legislature passed a bill requiring teachers to lead their classes in the pledge each day. Following standard state practice, Dukakis sought an advisory ruling on the bill from his attorney general as well as the state supreme court. Both found the bill unconstitutional: the landmark 1943 U.S. Supreme Court decision West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette held that requiring a student to recite the pledge under the threat of expulsion violated the Constitution's guarantee...
Goodwin experienced the standard Johnson outrages: an interview with L.B.J. as the President sat on the toilet, a nude policy council in the superheated White House swimming pool. But from his diary of the crucial years 1964 to 1967 and from the shadows of his memory, the writer reconstructs the larger pattern of behavior that disturbed him. Goodwin did not speak up sooner, he writes, because of "misplaced loyalty or personal cowardice." An angry swarm of Johnson intimates now attacking Goodwin suggest more basic motives: money and notoriety...
...millions of American men of draft age would have gone to great lengths to avoid combat in the most unpopular war in the nation's history. Is an entire generation of draft avoiders, who stayed within the law, barred from high political office? Or is there a special standard for hawkish conservatives, who are automatically maligned as hypocrites if they did not then put their rifles where their rhetoric...
Unlike the cars turned out by the established manufacturers, the Tucker looked like the vehicle the country had been fighting for, unbeholden to the past in design and loaded with unheard-of engineering features that became standard issue years later. And Tucker himself was the kind of citizen for whom the troops had been making the world safe, the maverick entrepreneur whose capital is mostly pluck and luck, making his way upward in a supposedly open society...