Word: stated
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Jeunes Patrons (Center of Young Employers), which is trying to build a brighter future for free enterprise in France. The Young Employers are against the predatory capitalism of the past, but they also want to keep France from sliding into the collectivist pitfall. Their answer to the welfare state is to look after their workers' welfare themselves. Their attitude, they say, is partly moral, partly selfish...
...Czech puppet Parliament last month passed a church law, by the usual unanimous show of hands, which made all clergymen employees of the state, and set up President Klement Gottwald's Communist son-in-law, Alexej Cepicka, as cabinet minister in charge of religion. The Catholic Church had consistently fought against the law; one manifesto, signed by 80% of the country's 7,000 priests, declared it "absolutely unacceptable." A memorandum sent to the government by the Council of Bishops a week after the passage of the law charged that it violated the Czech Republic's constitution...
Last fortnight, the Episcopate abruptly shifted its stand, authorized priests to accept state salaries, to swear loyalty to the Communist "people's democracy" and to pledge themselves not to do anything "against [the state's] interests, security or integrity." But later the bishops instructed the priests to take the oath with the qualification, ". . . Since I am convinced that the government would never ask anything which would be contrary to the laws of God or human rights...
...Reds slyly used the Episcopate's concession to discredit the church. President Gottwald freed 127 priests (jailed as hostages for their opposition to the government's new church laws), because they had "promised to mend their ways." A state court judge told the released priests: "I beg you to consider the significance and implied pledge of this magnanimous...
...Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia was faced with a painful choice between two evils: to continue in full defiance and risk wholesale persecution, or try to salvage as much as it could of its organization by coming to some sort of terms with the state and playing for time. Hungary's Cardinal Mindszenty had chosen the uncompromising course; despite his stand, the church in Hungary was forced to submit to state control. In a directive to priests which explains their reasons for choosing the course of compromise, the Czech Council of Bishops wrote: "It is necessary to... save...