Word: states
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Bacque's recounting of those policy decisions may hold up to historical scrutiny better than his statistics. His evidence on the death toll in American camps comes from fragmentary, often contradictory Army records. Says historian Arthur L. Smith of California State University, Los Angeles, who has written about German soldiers in the postwar years: "How do you get rid of a million bodies?" Eisenhower biographer Stephen Ambrose also disagrees with Bacque on several key points. Nevertheless, he says, "we as Americans can't duck the fact that terrible things happened. And they happened...
...more important, it is not clear that he has a detailed vision of what kind of system he wants to replace the old one with -- a free market economy, a form of democratic socialism or simply a more efficient state monopoly. At last week's meeting, Gorbachev dismissed all claims "that we are unable to resolve problems facing the country without introducing capitalism into the economy." So far, though, perestroika has been a series of slogans rather than a well-structured set of programs. American Sovietologist Abraham Becker of the Rand Corp. concludes that Gorbachev came to power with...
There is no shortage of suggestions on what Gorbachev should do. Western economists advise some breathtakingly sweeping changes: decontrol prices, end huge state subsidies, expand the private sector, open a capital market with realistic interest rates. Soviet specialists call for something more elusive: effective leadership. Says Oleg Bogomolov, director of Moscow's Institute of Economics of the World Socialist System: "To sustain perestroika, a new speedup, more radical change, is required." Gorbachev, adds Ambartsumov, "talks too much and doesn't carry through his decisions...
...farm in Ohio, because all the workers are doing their own managing, owning, and sharing the benefits and risks. They are not exploiting anyone else's cheap labor." Left unsaid is that in the Soviet Union, the situation may be exactly the reverse. Says Ralph: "If any of these state farms were set down in Ohio, they would soon go bankrupt...
...endorses Gorbachev's proposals for reforming the Soviet agricultural system. New land-rental policies, for example, allow farmers for the first time to share profits with the state, a step that Dull hopes will eventually lead to private ownership. "My sons are enthusiastic about farming, but here the farmers have nothing to be enthusiastic about," he says. "If private farmers are given freedom of choice, they'll develop a productive agriculture that fits their circumstances." A few hundred feet from the Dulls' house are two privately run greenhouses, set up by a five-man rental group that recently entered into...