Word: steel
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...payments deficit lies the fact that British productivity lags behind that of Europe or the U.S. From 1960 to 1965, U.S. productivity rose by 21%, West Germany's 29%, Italy's 40%-and Britain's only 18%. For each worker needed to produce a ton of steel in the U.S., three are needed in Britain. In manufacturing, it takes 2.52 Britons to equal the output of one Canadian, 1.89 to equal a Swede's. Yet hourly earnings in British industry grew by 33% in 1960-65-plus another 7% in manufacturing during the first three months...
...freedom, carrying banners demanding "Independence totale," "Vive la liberte," and in English, "French, go home." When the motorcade had passed, the demonstrators started throwing rocks at the legionnaires, rioted for four hours before they got tired and went home. Next day the riots erupted anew, bringing hundreds of steel-helmeted troops and cops into the streets, and forcing De Gaulle to restrict his tour of the city to a 15-minute whisk along the heavily guarded Boulevard de Gaulle...
Moscow's Research Institute of Experimental Surgical Apparatus and Instruments went to work in the 1950s and devised 20-odd mechanical staplers to suture internal tissues together with stainless steel wires. But few surgeons were ready to drop their deft fingerwork and give the experimental devices a try. Now, almost a decade later, American improvements on Russian designs are beginning to bring automatic suturing into the operating room...
...with tweezers, U.S. Surgical Corp.'s more advanced instruments use throwaway, presterilized cartridges. The carefully engineered instruments are lighter and remarkably versatile. They can fire as many as four different sizes of sutures in as many different patterns. The stapler itself looks like a stainless steel monkey wrench with a pistol grip. Setting its minuscule metal staples in suture lines that are doubled for safety, it can clamp together as much as 3½ inches of tissue with a single squeeze of the surgeon's hand. It can save upwards of half an hour for complicated stomach...
...anvil at tolerances of two-thousandths of an inch; their tops are rounded like the letter B so that blood can continue to circulate through the two arches and the sutured tissue will not be squeezed to death. Unlike silk or catgut sutures, which can harbor infection, the stainless steel staples are virtually nonreactive and do not hinder healing...