Word: steel
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Japanese firms will end talks suddenly when they see trouble ahead. Last May, executives of Nippon Kokan K.K., Japan's second largest steelmaker, halted negotiations to buy Ford's Rouge Steel Co., mainly because it could not reach a labor-concession agreement with the United Auto Workers. "What the Japanese wanted most was a totally dedicated and committed work force like they have in their plants," said Thomas Page, a Ford executive vice president...
...Japanese also used the oil shortages to make their industries more efficient. Large industrial firms in such sectors as cement, pulp and paper, and transit made major adjustments to comply with the government's demand for energy conservation. Many steel companies fitted blast furnaces with recovery turbines that use the pressure at the top of the furnaces to generate electricity for other steel-mill uses. Continuous casting, in which molten metal is formed directly into products for shipment and bypasses the cooling stages, helped decrease by 10% the amount of energy required to make a ton of steel. From...
...Hoover, so utterly different from the traditional dimness of the Japanese house and the mandatory drabness of wartime, with its austerity colors and nocturnal blackout. On a popular level, the war had caused an immense disenchantment with traditional Japanese architecture, wood and paper: "weak" materials, which burned. Concrete and steel were the substances of a victor culture, and the huge termitary cities of Japan were rebuilt with them...
...only a few years ago was one of the most dynamic developing nations. After the Brazilian army seized power in 1964, the generals signed up European-and U.S.-trained technocrats. Borrowing billions from abroad, the government made huge investments in roads, dams, rural electrification and heavy industries such as steel and petrochemicals. For a while, the strategy worked spectacularly. Between 1968 and 1980, economic growth averaged 9% annually...
...seemed completely happy with the decision. Lloyd McBride, president of the United Steelworkers of America, complained that the President should have used lower quotas rather than higher tariffs to block imports. Said he: "Where tariffs are substituted for quotas, it never works." Adolph Lena, chairman of Al Tech Specialty Steel Co. in Dunkirk, N.Y., and an industry spokesman, called the measures "wholly inadequate...