Word: steeling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...worked in Milan as an explosives specialist for the past eleven years. The temperature of lava sometimes reaches some 1800° F; to prevent the heat from setting off the charges, Abersten and his associates devised an ingenious protective system. It called for installation of four rows of steel tubes in the west side of the old lava wall (lava from the eruption was moving along the wall's east side). Each of the metal tubes contained three channels. One channel was filled with dynamite and water. To keep the explosives cool, air was pumped into the second channel...
Heavy industries such as autos, steel, rubber and shipbuilding that were once synonymous with American industrial might have rapidly declined. Some 211,000 autoworkers, or 19% of the industry's blue-collar work force, are on indefinite layoff. In the steel industry, which is operating at only 42% of capacity, 119,000 workers are idle...
Organized labor, in turn, will have to be more flexible on wages and be willing to give up rigid work rules that lead to overmanning and inefficiency. The recession may have been a turning point for unions. After rancorous negotiations, workers in both the auto and steel industries agreed to an unprecedented combination of pay cuts, changes in work rules and givebacks of benefits. But wages are still comparatively high. In the U.S., autoworkers at the Big Three companies now average $21.50 an hour in wages and benefits, compared with $12.60 an hour in Japan. Now that the recession...
...self-sufficient economy. Imported goods now account for 19% of American consumption, up from 9% in 1970. Foreign competitors, who once concentrated on simple, labor-intensive products, such as clothing and toys, have quickly climbed up the industrial ladder. The U.S. imports 28% of its cars, 18% of its steel, 55% of its consumer electronics products and 27% of its machine tools. The challenge in these industries, which was first posed by Japan, now also comes from such fast-growing countries as South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore...
...semiconductors and computers, while old industries will continue to suffer. A committee of academics, Congressmen, labor leaders and business executives, chaired by Senator William Roth of Delaware and Congressman Don Bonker of Washington, will soon issue a report concluding that by the 1990s, employment in such smokestack industries as steel and autos will shrink from the present 20% of the labor force to perhaps...