Word: stemness
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...revolutionary technique consisted of scientists creating a hybrid of donor tissue combined with tissue generated from Sánchez's stem cells, which were drawn from her bone marrow. They took a donor trachea, stripped it of the cells that would cause rejection, and replaced them with Sánchez's own cells. The team of researchers was composed of scientists from the University of Barcelona, Britain's University of Bristol, and, in Italy, the University of Padua and Milan's Polytechnic. (See TIME's Pictures of the Week...
...life-threatening drugs that suppress the immune system have always been imperative to prevent the rejection of new organs. That is, until now: the British medical journal The Lancet today lays out the first successful trachea transplant, which was also - and more importantly - the first tissue transplant to use stem cells and thus do away with immunosuppressive therapy...
...procedure's success, the result of collaboration by scientists across Europe, opens up a world of possibilities for "personalized" transplants that use recipient's stem cells and, as a result, require no immunosuppressive therapy. (See TIME's A-Z Health Guide...
...least several years. One reason for that is that most countries' medical regulations don't yet open an easy path to such procedures, which remain experimental. The team of scientists plans to engineer a hybrid larynx as their next project, which may take a few years, according to stem-cell specialist Professor Anthony Hollander of the University of Bristol. Reconstructing large, complex organs such as the heart and the liver will be more difficult, he says, not to mention expensive...
...broader application of the procedure will depend on making it less expensive. One way to do that, says Hollander: developing automatic processes, rather than the labor-intensive techniques applied this time, for generating tissue from the patient's own stem cells. Once scientists are able to engineer similar transformations of other organs to save lives and spare the side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, "This would be beautiful," says Macchiarini...