Word: steps
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Quakers locked convicts in solitary cells until death or release. So many died or went insane that in 1825 New York's Auburn Prison introduced hard labor-in utter silence. Until quite recently, the U.S. relied almost entirely on the spirit-breaking Auburn system of shaved heads, lock-step marching and degrading toil in huge, costly, isolated cages that soothed the public's fear of escapes...
...caging syndrome has crippled U.S. penology in every way. Because forbidding forts refuse to crumble (25 prisons are more than 100 years old), there is often no way to separate tractable from intractable men-the preliminary step toward rehabilitation. Of course barriers to reform go far beyond the limitations of buildings. It is ironic that only in Mississippi are married convicts allowed conjugal visits with their wives; sexual deprivation in other American prisons incites riots, mental illness and homosexuality. By using strong inmates to control the weak, authoritarian officials create an inmate culture that forces prisoners to "do your...
...rights to post-1934 films lapse into public domain, they will be available for library use and study. But the Library is not the same as the AFI: when Kahlenberg succeeds in inducing a collector to have a copy placed in the Library, it is still one long step away from having been placed in the much-desired national archive of the American Film Institute. Consequently, Kahlenberg must attempt with equal vigor to secure prints of post-1934 features for the archive itself, with permission from owners to make screening possible to students, critics, and historians. The size...
Credit Credo. First, Godwin, who played a major role in Virginia's "massive resistance" to school integration in 1959-60, rammed through a state sales tax, boosted public school spending by 35% but resisted the big step: borrowing. This year Godwin took that step. "We cannot refuse to do what has to be done," he insisted. "Most of us would still be living with our in-laws and driving a horse and buggy if it were not for that great institution known as American credit." Though they gulped, most old-line Byrdmen went along. The assembly (in which...
...directly appointed province chiefs. Previously, that had been the prerogative of the commanders of the country's four military corps, who often ran their regions like warlords. By coincidence, Thieu had ousted two of the commanders only last month. 10% O.K. Thieu was merely taking a first step. Like their predecessors, his six new men are all lieutenant colonels or colonels, and as military men may still find it difficult to challenge the generals who are corps commanders. Thieu has embarked upon only a limited war against corruption, as a new Cabinet officer unwittingly demonstrated recently in his first...