Word: steps
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...conduct a pretrial interrogation of the princess. What documents did she have to prove the existence of the inheritance? "I don't have any official documents," she explained. "That's why I founded the union-to find the documents." The weary judge concluded that the next step in the case would be a psychiatric examination. But this was not likely to discourage all the other Mallets. One scholar has concluded that the real Jean-Pierre Mallet was a French farmer who died not far from his birthplace in 1815, leaving an estate of $290-but Princess Ayoubi...
Knowledge in Bits. All of this is organized according to the learning theories of Harvard Behavioral Psychologist Burrhus Frederic Skinner (TIME, March 24, 1961). Skinner taught pigeons to play pingpong by breaking the action into tiny steps, immediately rewarding each correct step with a grain of corn. This led to the idea of giving children knowledge in atomized "bits," and testing each bit immediately by an easy leading question. When the student responds with the right answer, he gets a glow of pleasure-his grain of corn. The technique requires some mechanical device (often a teaching machine) to hide...
...book requires a child to look at a drawing, then answer such questions as "Am I an ant?" or to circle the right word in distinguishing between mat and man. New letters are introduced, and by Book 7 he can handle such words as sandwich, haystack and yesterday. Each step requires the child to either make a yes-no choice, select the words to complete a sentence, or fill in a blank in a sentence. By Book 21 he has been introduced to all the toughest exceptions to the phonetic rules of English. His reading vocabulary totals 2,892 words...
...major reason for the speedup is that the step-by-step procedure helps a teacher spot precisely what is puzzling a child-and the method frees her "to give such children help without holding up others. It also gives her a chance to cope with one of the most worrisome facts facing every elementary teacher: the broad range in mental age (at least four years in a typical first-grade class) among her students. But the real key to the program's success, in Sullivan's view, is that in his books "the kids were the authors...
Last week two big French organizations took just the sort of merger step that De Gaulle has been advocating. Pont-à-Mousson, France's second biggest private industrial company, with estimated 1965 sales of $1 billion, and the Compagnie Financière de Suez, one of the Continent's fastest growing investment trusts, with assets of some $200 million, decided to get together. Under a provisional agreement, Suez will assume a 20% stake in Pont-à-Mousson; in exchange, Pont-à-Mousson will get between 10% and 15% of Suez, the exact share yet to be negotiated...