Word: stigmas
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...heedless users who are most likely to become serious marijuana abusers or go on to hard drugs. By lumping marijuana with hallucinogens, amphetamines, barbiturates and heroin, in fact, the law encourages young people to distrust warnings about those far more perilous substances. Pot prohibition gives sporadic users the stigma of criminal records and makes young people cynical about law in general...
...former ambassador to China during World War II, Fairbank was falsely labeled a Communist during the McCarthy era for advocating that the United States accept the fact that Nationalist China had lost the war. In the '50's, the stigma of McCarthyism forced him to recede from public life and continue his teaching at Harvard...
Originally conceived as a means of rehabilitating young offenders and of protecting them from the stigma of a criminal record, juvenile tribunals frequently have done neither. Judges have sent delinquent youths to understaffed reform schools for terms far longer than the jail sentences that adults would have received for similar offenses. In most states, young people can be deemed delinquent if a "preponderance of the evidence" indicates their guilt-the same standard used in civil suits. Applying a three-year-old precedent that entitles juveniles to "the essentials of due process and fair treatment," a 5-to-3 majority...
...means of defending blacks too often harassed by white police. The proportion of blacks serving on local police forces is growing, but it is still woefully small. While many blacks serve as MPs in the Army, few take jobs as civilian police when they are discharged because of the stigma attached to police by the black community. The Panthers see policemen-white or black-as symbols of a white society that is oppressive and racist...
...Solzhenitsyn from the organization. The move was taken to punish the 50-year-old author for "conduct unbecoming a Soviet writer," for "actively using the bourgeois anti-Soviet press for anti-Soviet propaganda," and for failing to combat the use of his name abroad. Since the ouster places a stigma on Solzhenitsyn, it means, in effect, that no Soviet editor would dare accept his works for publication...