Word: stock-market
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...Holiday shopping is crucial for retailers because it accounts for as much as 40% of their annual sales. But consumer confidence has plummeted as Americans get squeezed by a housing crisis, rising unemployment rates, high food and gas prices, and a stock-market meltdown. Nine in 10 consumers believe the economy is in a recession, according to the most recent report of the University of Michigan Survey of Consumers. The barrage of bad news surrounding the $700 billion congressional bailout appears to have had a significant effect on shoppers' outlooks. At the end of September, 79% of consumers said they...
...Historical Parallels We tend to think of the Depression as having been triggered by the stock-market crash of 1929. The Wall Street crash is conventionally said to have begun on "Black Thursday" - Oct. 24, 1929, when the Dow Jones industrial average declined 2% - though in fact the market had been slipping since early September. On "Black Monday" (Oct. 28), it plunged 13%, the next day a further 12%. Over the next three years, the U.S. stock market declined a staggering 89%, reaching its nadir in July 1932. The index did not regain its 1929 peak until...
...underlying cause of the Great Depression - as Milton Friedman and Anna Jacobson Schwartz argued in their seminal book A Monetary History of the United States: 1867-1960, published in 1963 - was not the stock-market crash but a "great contraction" of credit due to an epidemic of bank failures...
...credit crunch had surfaced several months before the stock-market crash, when commercial banks with combined deposits of more than $80 million suspended payments. It reached critical mass in late 1930, when 608 banks failed - among them the Bank of the United States, which accounted for about a third of the total deposits lost. (The failure of merger talks that might have saved the bank was another critical moment in the history of the Depression...
...Paulson and Bernanke have been specific only behind closed doors. On Sept. 18, they warned congressional leaders what inaction would bring: a stock-market crash, sky-high unemployment, Americans unable to get car loans, banks failing so fast that they would quickly drain the federal deposit insurance fund and people's life savings...