Word: stratas
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...Socialist Workers' support seemingly picks up where the Communists' constituency shades off as one ascends the hierarchical ladder of Spanish society. The PSOE, led by a young labor lawyer, Felipe Gonzalez, draws its support mainly from the professional strata which grew substantially during the nation's rapid economic growth in the '60's. The party is ideologically aligned with the Southern European tier of social democracy. These parties support a more worker-control style of the socialism than the British, West German, or Swedish socialist parties, and favor tactical coalitions with the Communists...
...ethnicity), however intertwined in localities, have sustained at the national level a functional distance one to the other. No doubt at any given period this situation is imperfectly realized. But at least the value of a functional differentiation of power and culture is broadcast and key spokesmen of national strata (lawyers, educators, capitalists, scientists, intellectuals, etc.) are found supporting...
...loaded for the trip to West Coast refineries. Already, 12,000 men and women are on the job building, excavating and servicing, and by midsummer the number will swell to 20,000 as the pipeline contractors drive to make their target date of mid-1977. The spongy, oil-soaked strata nearly two miles beneath the tundra at Prudhoe Bay contains an estimated 9.6 billion barrels of oil, by far the largest deposit in the U.S. Initially, the pipeline will carry 1.2 million bbl. per day, an amount equal to one-fifth of the nation's current oil imports...
Having so a-historically disposed of his obstacle, Jencks goes on to explain the "real" reason lower strata members are sometimes allowed into the ranks of the well-to-do: "The real political importance to America of educating such individuals may not have been preventing revolution or radical reform but preserving the internal integrity of established institutions. The management of large corporations or governmental empires, for example, requires leaders who can deal with extremely diverse personalities and social species..." and, of course, the lower class upstarts have "what it takes...
...only does Jencks present us with nothing except his word that the lower strata would be more likely to produce these leaders than any other strata--especially the higher strata--but his argument seems to fly in the face of the findings quoted by Lipset and Bendix: "The effect of material limitations acts in part so as to narrow the perspective... The socially underprivileged adolescent has seen less, read less, heard about less, has experienced less variety in his environment in general, and is also simply aware of fewer opportunities than the socially privileged young person...