Word: stress
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...Committee has made a conscious effort to reduce the uncertainty, insecurity, and bewilderment which nag the shorten the period of probation before a permanent appointments. Such also is its formulation of definite and positive criteria for advancement. The young teacher will now know what to aim for, what to stress; and he need no longer cower so abjectly before the dread god Publication. Together these recommendations should effectively dull the Demolition sword suspended over the lower academic ranks...
Under the new arrangement, the general doubt as to who is ahead in a close match is remedied by the simple expedient of chalking up the points just as they are won on a scoreboard as is done in a basketball game; and also much more stress is laid in the point scoring to aggressive tactics...
...Under stress at high temperatures (750°-1,000° F.), most metals, even hard alloy steels, manifest a sort of internal slip or "creep." To prevent costly machine failures and ugly accidents, metallurgists have long studied, measured and allowed for creep, but they still do not know much about what fundamentally happens...
...Professor Daniel Hanson of England's University of Birmingham, who had divided creep into four stages. These are elastic stretch (like rubber); plastic flow (like mud); slower plastic flow; approach to fracture. Professor Hanson's theory of fracture is that the metal atoms, under continuing mechanical stress plus their own agitation due to heat, are moved one by one to new positions so that the whole structure is weakened. When enough atoms are thus individually moved, the metal breaks...
...laboratories will be open for inspection: the new photo-elasticity laboratory, in which polarized light is used to record conditions of stress in celluloid models of engineering structures; and the material-testing laboratory, in which metals and other substances are subjected to tremendous pulls, squeezes, and clips, under the eye of recording equipment...