Word: stress
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...committee wants to establish a women's studies concentration which would allow interested undergraduates to major in an interdisciplinary program examining women's experience. The goal also includes a specific perspective for such a major. Committee members stress that a concentration should not merely be concerned with establishing the field as a valid academic discipline but also recognize and work to alleviate the oppression of Third World and working women. Frequently, courses on women run the danger of studying only those women who "have made it in a man's world, and are chosen by men to be studied," Laura...
Jaynes thinks that man developed the inner voices to solve problems. Without consciousness, he was guided mostly by habit. Thus new situations produced stress, which resulted in unconscious decisions in the form of inner, audible commands. These voices-a side effect of language and a primitive form of will-enabled man to keep at his tasks longer. Man's brain gradually evolved to accommodate the voices. He became "bicameral": the left side of the brain was for speech,* and the right hemisphere produced the inner commands. Eventually, the voices were attributed to kings and gods, thus becoming remarkable instruments...
...researchers then went further by testing volunteers to see whether smoking eases stress. On the assumption that the more anxious a person is, the less pain he will tolerate, groups of smokers and nonsmokers were asked to endure as much electric shock as they could bear. Smokers proved to be sissies when deprived of cigarettes or given only low-nicotine brands. Those supplied with armloads of high-nicotine brands to smoke accepted a higher number of shocks-but no more than the control group of nonsmokers. Schachter's conclusion: "Smoking doesn't reduce anxiety or calm the nerves...
Mindless Machine. Then why do most smokers smoke so heavily when under stress? Schachter's answer: because stress depletes body nicotine, and the smoker has to puff more to keep at his usual nicotine level. The key is the acidity of urine. One result of anxiety and stress is a high acid content in the urine. Highly acidic urine flushes away much more body nicotine than normal urine does. Schachter discovered that smokers who were administered mild acids (vitamin C and Acidulin) in heavy doses smoked more over a period of days than comparable smokers who took bicarbonates...
...theory is that people treat cold as a shared stress experience. If you eliminate this common bond caused by external conditions, the natural tendency would be for people to drift apart," Spring said...