Word: stressed
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Extremists and guerrilla warriors tend to be less malleable than criminals, however. And since the military and government agencies operating abroad function with fewer legal constraints, they take more risks. Last spring the Department of Defense finalized a secret "stress matrix" detailing dozens of tactics that could and could not be used at Guantanamo. The document, described to TIME by a lawyer close to the process, permits sleep and sensory deprivation, among other things, under certain conditions. Depending on the personality of suspects, these strategies can be effective, experts say. The idea is to disorient prisoners to the point...
...trick is knowing when to stop. The behavior of the military police at Abu Ghraib seems to blur into hazing, sadism and mockery. Whatever the motives, says Kutz, the soldiers virtually guaranteed that the inmates would be susceptible to post-traumatic stress--and useless to interrogators. "This is stupidity. It's not useful. In fact, it's harmful," says a former Israeli military intelligence interrogator. "After a man's humiliated like this, if there was a chance he'd open up, now there's no way. If there was a chance to recruit him and send him back...
Today the U.S. military says hoods are no longer used at Abu Ghraib. Sleep deprivation is allowed only with the permission of commanding officers. Prisoners are no longer put in stress positions, says Miller, the current commander of U.S. prisons in Iraq. But Miller also says that sleep deprivation was never used in the 22,000 interrogations he oversaw at Guantanamo Bay, which he ran from November 2002 to March 2004. Other sources who have served at the base tell TIME sleep deprivation was used for certain prisoners. So were forms of humiliation: female guards routinely watched while detainees used...
While nothing compared to the horrors of Saddam Hussein's regime, the actions of U.S. soldiers at Abu Ghraib unquestionably violated international law. What's more, for two years reports have piled up about "stress and duress" techniques military and CIA officers are using on al-Qaeda and Iraqi captives. Those tactics--torture lite--also go against international rules; their practice may have encouraged the crimes at Abu Ghraib. --By Mitch Frank...
...Stress Matrix Intelligence interrogations are never pretty. What works, what doesn't and where to draw the line...