Word: strobes
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...Beast. Weeks ago, Atlantis II, of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, lowered "The Beast," a weird M.I.T.-designed rig. At the end of the Beast's 9,000-ft. cable, a small echo sounder measured its distance from the bottom. A pair of powerful strobe lights flashed at six-second intervals, and two cameras took pictures. In the eternal darkness at 8,000 ft., they needed no shutters; they merely advanced their film in time for the next flash from the strobes...
Edgerton, Germeshausen and Grier first got together in 1934, when Chairman Harold E. Edgerton, now 59, was an M.I.T. professor of electrical engineering and President Kenneth J. Germeshausen, 55, and Executive Vice President Herbert E. Grier, 50, were his research assistants. The three developed a powerful strobe light for high-speed photography, but before they could market it, they were scooped up into World War II research on the atom bomb and sensitive aerial photography. At war's end, they incorporated at the AEC's request. As a small company...
Ever since lasers-a word and an instrument stemming from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation-were first perfected, their fierce, pure gleam has been one of the most revolutionary tools of advancing science. By stimulating the atoms of a synthetic ruby with brief bursts from a powerful strobe lamp, scientists demonstrated that they could produce spurts of "coherent" light -pure red light that is all of the same wavelength, all polarized in the same direction, and all traveling in phase in almost perfectly parallel beams. Such light can be focused so sharply that its energy is concentrated...
...fundamental research now belatedly recognized. As a telephone engineer, he concentrated on the human ear and in particular the cochlea, the "snail shell" of the inner ear. For research he built models, bored through the temporal bone of a corpse so that he could observe with strobe lighting the effect of sound waves on the cochlea, which is linked to the eardrum by three small, movable bones of the middle ear. What he saw was that the cochlea reacts to the pitch of a struck note by making different parts of the membrane vibrate within the tiny organ...
Surrounding the ruby rod is a spiral flash tube rather like the tube of a photographer's strobe lamp. When a pulse of electricity passes through the tube, it gives a powerful burst of white (mixed) light, some of which strikes into the ruby rod. Certain wave lengths are absorbed by the chromium atoms, raising them momentarily to very high energy levels. They drop back down almost immediately, but instead of falling all the way, they accumulate at a level that still contains considerable energy. After the light flash has shone on the ruby rod for a few millionths...