Word: subs
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...first Russian Sputnik soared into orbit in October 1957, Gates picked up the enthusiasm of the Navy's Polaris missile boosters, fought the civilian battles for a speedup in the Polaris program through the Defense Department and the White House. As a result, the first battle-ready Polaris sub put to sea three years ahead of the original schedule (TIME, Nov. 28). With Russia ahead of the U.S. in land-based ballistic missiles, the U.S. would be facing a formidable weapons gap in the early 1960s had Polaris not been pushed...
...more than willing to offer a complete explanation for the absence of an Israeli on the evening panels during 20th Century Week. The Program sub-committee devoted better than four months to the selection of invitees. They consulted at length with faculty members acquainted with the four topic areas: Latin America, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The choices made for the Middle East were made with the advice and assistance of staff members at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies. The general criterion used in making the selections for the panels was the extent to which the individual...
...Charleston (S.C.) Navy Yard dock. Osborn, 42, stepped aboard the nuclear Polaris submarine George Washington, in whose vast holds huge quantities of provisions-from missile-shaped cigars to cigar-shaped missiles-had been stored. Then Skipper Osborn bellowed a time-honored order: "Cast off all lines!" Soon the sub pointed her bulbous nose down the Cooper River and headed for sea to inaugurate a new era in the arcane cold-war art of keeping the peace...
...missiles on target with accuracy, the ship must know its exact location. The complicated celestial-periscope system has 80,000 components and must be kept working to perfection. The periscope runs a constant double check on the Cadillac-sized SINS (ship's inertial navigation system), which tracks the sub's underwater course with pinpoint accuracy. The missiles are housed gently in their tubes in the compartment that the submen call "Sherwood Forest." They must be wet-nursed hour by hour, their computers prepared to receive fire-control data, their gyros kept warmed and ready, their switches checked...
Despite the unending technical and mechanical complications, Polaris subs are built to stay at sea up to three years. They are untethered by the standard submarine's fuel and oxygen limitations. They can manufacture their own atmosphere without surfacing. Only the limitations of human endurance will require that they make port every two months. In home port for Washington and Henry will be the Polaris sub tender Proteus, stationed at Holy Loch, an anchorage in Scotland's River Clyde. Each ship will have a second, fully trained crew waiting to take her back to sea. With fresh "Blue...