Word: subsoil
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Mars, as scientists now know, was once a very wet planet, running with rivers and teeming with oceans and seas much like the Earth. But its low gravity and thin atmosphere allowed most of that water to vanish into space. What was left retreated into the subsoil or, significantly, contracted into the poles. Phoenix, a stationary lander in the style of the old Viking ships that touched down on the planet in 1976, will get a chance to dig into that frozen polar rind...
...offered to two Chinese firms, but the other consortium members chose to exercise their contractual right to divvy up BG's share, worth an estimated $1.2 billion. Then, in June, Nazarbayev declared the state had the right to buy BG's stake. The government's argument: it owns the subsoil rights to Kashagan and so has a pre-emptive option to buy. "When the government wants to buy a stake at market prices, it doesn't hurt or damage the other contractors," says Uzakbai Karabalin, head of KazMunaiGaz. "All the government wants is to exercise its right to buy into...
...that climatic changes are already reworking the far-north landscape. In the past two decades, average annual temperatures have climbed as much as 7[degrees]F in Alaska, Siberia and parts of Canada. Sea ice is 40% thinner and covers 6% less area than in 1980. Permafrost--permanently frozen subsoil--is proving less permanent. And even polar tourists are returning with less than chilling tales, one of which was heard around the world last week...
...utmost ambition," Robert Frost claimed, "is to lodge a few poems where they will be hard to get rid of." He succeeded. Fragments of Frost's handmade poems turn up in the subsoil of the American mind like arrowheads or old farm tools...
...Japan, it normally handles about 30% of all the country's container shipping. Last week only 27 of 191 berths remained in working order, none of them slips for container carriers. Finished just two years ago, the facilities on the artificial island of Rokko suffered collapse of the subsoil. The 7.2-magnitude seism had in effect turned the harbor landfill to jelly. The unsettled earth sideslipped violently and became waterlogged as the sea penetrated...