Word: subsoil
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...acres of land to the peasants. With the backing of labor and the Indian peasantry, which still worship him, he built up the first socialist state in the Western world. Stubborn as a burro, Cárdenas fought for Mexico's sovereign right to control its own subsoil treasures of ore and oil. He nearly broke Mexico doing it. When he bequeathed his errors and accomplishments to Avila Camacho, it was as if a volcano had subsided...
...Government. For, while $24,000,000 is almost three times as much as Expropriator Lázaro Cárdenas liked to pretend their properties were worth, it is only about one-eighth of what the companies themselves think they were worth, and it apparently puts no value on subsoil rights−the oil reserves under the ground to which the oil companies had title. This is the very principle the companies have fought so hard to maintain abroad, since without it the initial expense of exploiting new oil properties is a gamble on the indulgence of foreign governments...
...this deal with cold horror. It is true that much of their cash investment in Mexico has long since been paid off in oil, or written off as a bad debt. But the real value of the properties lies in oil beneath the ground. With Mexico denying their "subsoil rights" (or canceling them with a token payment), they shudder to think what might happen in other countries. In Venezuela, Colombia, elsewhere in & outside the Hemisphere, oil companies have investments that make their Mexican properties look like peanuts...
...President calls "crazy strikes" and increasing the Government's power to intervene in labor disputes); the Law of National Education (by abolishing compulsory Socialist education and giving a share of public education to the Catholic Church); the law implementing Article 27 of the Constitution on nationalization of the subsoil (by modifying the present ban on the possession of oil concessions by foreigners). Considered sure to pass a Congress which now eats out of the President's hand, this reform would remove the last big cause of friction between Mexico...
...ordinary year's work Otto Ohlson has to cope with: temperatures to 50° below zero, 20-foot snowdrifts, avalanches, live glaciers, moose caught in the tracks, and, in the northernmost part, perpetually frozen subsoil that requires a special roadbed. During 110 days of summer he has truck competition. In winter sled-trains, including bunkhouses on runners for the crew, slide up & down Alaska's snowy roads behind five-ton caterpillar tractors. The Richardson Highway, only road in to Fairbanks (not fit for wagons until 1910), does not run away with Ohlson's traffic, because the Government...