Word: subsoiling
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Dates: during 1923-1923
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Article 27 of the Queretaro or 1917 Constitution (which declared Mexico to be a federated republic of 28 states), has been the much mooted bugaboo in the proceedings for recognition of Mexico by the U. S. Its terms affirmed that the title to all subsoil deposits was vested in the people of Mexico. This resulted in the virtual confiscation of concessions owned by foreigners. The question arose then as to whether the Article was to be interpreted retroactively. In spite of President Obregon's statement that it was not, foreign concerns still claimed that under the Mexican interpretation the terms...
According to the Conference records subsoil rights acquired by U. S. citizens before May, 1917, remain intact. After May 1, 1917, the provisions of the 1917 Constitution hold good. Subsoil rights of U. S. citizens who acquired lands before May, 1917, without expressing an intention of exploiting them for oil do not fall under the first category according to the Mexican delegates. Messrs. Warren and Payne, however, specifically upheld these rights in the minutes...
...agrarian provisions of the records are the same as those of the subsoil section; that is, before May 1, 1917, U. S. rights remain intact under the 1857 Constitution; after that the 1917 Constitution must be recognized. The Mexican Government will, however, make cash payments for lands illegally seized or make immediate restitution...
...keen interest in the progress of affairs. Both Governments are behind the United States in the present deliberations and both would welcome recognition of Mexico by the U. S. Government. Of course, their own nationals are affected by article 27 of the 1917 Mexican Constitution, which reserves the subsoil rights of Mexico exclusively to Mexican citizens...
...chiefly a legal question which must be settled before American recognition is accorded: By Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution, the Mexican government was given all the subsoil of Mexico, including oil, minerals, etc. This was manifestly unfair to foreigners who had previously acquired rights to subsoil properties. Obregon has said that he would recognize these rights obtained by American investors before the Constitution went into effect. But Secretary Hughes does not trust his word. He wants the promise written down- preferably into a " treaty of commerce and amity...