Word: sudan
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...some ways, the Darfur activists' problem over the past few months hasn't been Obama so much as his special envoy to Sudan, Scott Gration. A decorated soldier who commanded the no-fly zone in northern Iraq for 2½ years, Gration campaigned for Obama last year, giving him much needed cachet among the military set. But his Africa experience consists of being raised by American missionaries in the Congo, from where they were evacuated three times - he likes to remind his African interlocutors that he too was once a refugee...
...appointment of Gration was something of a surprise to Washington's Sudan watchers; Gration's own first choice was to head NASA. And as a plainspoken first-time diplomat, Gration hasn't exactly been careful with his choice of language. Before a Senate Foreign Relations Committee in late July, Gration testified that sanctions on Sudan should be loosened, a statement he had to retract within days. Earlier, he asserted that only "remnants of genocide" remain in Darfur, provoking fury from Darfur advocacy groups and directly contradicting his boss's position: Obama has said three times since January there is currently...
...After General Gration told the Washington Post that "cookies" and "gold stars" might be useful in forcing Khartoum to cooperate, a few dozen activists from the group Students Against Genocide sarcastically delivered a large cardboard cutout gold star and smiley face to the front of the Sudan embassy in Washington...
...Despite the criticism, Gration has had regular, direct access to Obama, circumventing various members of the National Security Council, Secretary of State Hilary Clinton and U.N. Ambassador Susan Rice - all of whom have lobbied for Gration to take the Sudan policy in a different direction. Rice in particular stands in opposition to Gration's approach to Sudan. In 1998 she was instrumental in President Bill Clinton's decision to send 18 cruise missiles slamming into a Sudanese pharmaceutical factory (it was thought to produce chemical weapons for al-Qaeda) in retaliation for the U.S.-embassy bombings in Tanzania and Kenya...
...disagreement between Gration and Rice is symbolic of the fundamental fissure that has paralyzed the Administration's Sudan policy. "There is a war inside the Obama Administration," says Andrew Natsios, the special envoy to Sudan under President George W. Bush from 2006 to 2007. "Gration, with the support of [Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs] Johnnie Carson and [National Security Adviser] Jim Jones are all on one side wanting to use diplomacy to address Sudan's problems. On the other side, you have Susan Rice, Samantha Power, with the former co-chair of the Enough Project, Gayle Smith...