Word: sugar
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...from dehydration as they lose critical body fluids faster than they can be replaced. Like Jharana, their family members don't know how to prepare a life-saving remedy that can be assembled for just a few pennies: a large pinch of salt and a fistful of sugar dissolved in a jug of clean water, the simplest recipe for oral rehydration solution. "To save the life of a person with diarrhea is probably the cheapest health intervention you can think of," says David Sack, an American doctor who is the ICDDR's executive director. Cheap; but nothing like as commonly...
...contents in a watery rush of stools. The consequence is what we know as dehydration. Oral rehydration treatment can reverse dehydration in more than 90% of patients, even in cases of the severe diarrhea caused by bugs like rotavirus and cholera. When the solution reaches the small intestine, the sugar is moved from the hollow part of the intestine into its mucosal lining through the villi, small fingerlike projections on the intestinal wall. "It's like having a chemical needle in the intestinal tract," says William Greenough, a professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland...
...this directive] mouth, less and darker urine, sunken eyes and weight loss. Severe dehydration can lead to shock, kidney failure and death. Rehydration Oral rehydration solution (ORS) can reverse most cases of dehydration if given quickly. It can be made from one teaspoon of salt and eight teaspoons of sugar dissolved in a liter of water then administered gradually - at a cost of literally pennies per child. The Mechanism When ORS reaches the small intestine, the sodium-glucose co-transport pathway moves sugar from the hollow part of the intestine (lumen) to its lining (epithelium) through the villi. Sugar makes...
...used refractometers to test the sugar content of grapes at Sterling before we picked them. At Acacia, we tasted every wine grape I've ever heard of. Then the head winemaker showed us their alternative pest-control system: a falconer. Besides learning that falcons scare starlings away from grapes by swooping down at 200 m.p.h., we learned that falconers are just about as geeky as you might have thought. At Beaulieu Vineyard, we used pipettes, beakers and a calculator to make our own blend of red wine, which was then bottled with storeworthy labels featuring our names. They were like...
...tense and paranoid, even Soviet, they've become. We didn't talk so much as whisper, all the while eyeing the felt-covered furniture around us, half expecting a bearded agent to pop out from behind a fake plant, or the waiter to slip a listening device under the sugar bowl. Instead of discussing how Iran could avoid a nuclear crisis with the West, we talked about how we could avoid being labeled enemies of the state. Who cares about uranium enrichment when you spend your days and nights fretting over whether you're a potential target of arrest...