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Indeed there's little doubt that violence is the result of an uneasy mix between bad genes and a bad environment. How much control nature has over nurture, however, is the question. Previous studies of the MAO-A gene suggest that interplay may begin in early childhood. A British study of 442 New Zealand men, published in 2003, was among the first to find that those with a low-active MAO-A gene, who had been abused as children, were four times more likely to have committed rapes, robberies and assaults than the general population. Those with high-active...
...compensation would have to come from the environment, and studies suggest that early intervention can have great impact. Researchers at the University of Georgia last month published a study of 641 adolescents, ages 11 to 16, some of whom carried the short allele form of the gene 5-HTTLPR - a genetic condition found in about 40% of the general population and long associated with low self-control, binge drinking and substance use. Half of the participants were randomly enrolled in drug prevention programs. After five years, those participants with 5-HTTLPR who were enrolled in a prevention program were...
Sleep researchers refer to these early risers as larks (midnight-oil-burners are known as owls), and new data presented this week at the annual Associated Professional Sleep Societies suggest that a student's preferred sleeping schedule has a lot to do with his or her grade-point average in school. In one study, psychologists at Hendrix College in Arkansas found that college freshmen who kept night-owl hours had lower GPAs than early birds. Another group at the University of Pittsburgh revealed that poor sleep habits among high-schoolers led to lower grades, particularly in math. (See pictures...
Both groups of researchers are quick to point out that academic performance is the product of many different factors - from I.Q. to study habits and effort, and not just sleep - but the new findings suggest that catching good quality z's certainly doesn't hurt, and may even help boost your...
...President Barack Obama's decision to release Bush Administration memos authorizing the use of waterboarding and other harsh methods. Defenders of the Bush program, most notably Cheney, say the use of waterboarding produced actionable intelligence that helped the U.S. disrupt terrorist plots. But the experiences of officials like Soufan suggest that the utility of torture is limited at best and counterproductive at worst. Put simply, there's no definitive evidence that torture works...