Word: suharto
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Other victims of the Axis have opted to put the past behind them. The Philippines, which suffered a bloody, one-sided defeat and a brutal occupation by imperial Japan, will send President Corazon Aquino. Indonesia will send President Suharto. Most of Japan's modern-day trading partners seem to share the magnanimity -- and pragmatism -- of incoming U.S. President George Bush. While a Navy bomber pilot, he was shot down over the Pacific by Japanese gunners, but he professes to hold no grudge. Bush was among the first Western leaders to announce he will attend Hirohito's funeral. To those...
...most sensitive stop on Shevardnadze's mission was Indonesia. More than 100,000 Communists were killed in 1965 by forces led by General Suharto, then the top military commander, after an attempted Communist coup. The Communist Party is still banned in the country. One senior Indonesian diplomat noted the wariness: "We are aware that the Soviets never give up in their goals to widen their influence. Therefore we will be cautious...
...colonial rule, Indonesia declared its independence in 1945. For the next 20 years, the nation was governed by its first President, the mercurial, left-leaning Sukarno. After a bloody, abortive Communist coup in 1965, Sukarno's power waned, and he was eased out of office two years later by Suharto, an army general. The conservative, strongly anti-Communist Suharto earned a reputation as "the father of development," resurrecting a faltering economy with the aid of the 1970s oil boom. The son of a farmer, Suharto helped increase agricultural production, finally enabling the nation to become self-sufficient in rice...
After the attempted coup, 500,000 or more actual or suspected Communists, most of them of Chinese descent, were killed, and an additional 1.5 million Communist sympathizers were jailed or interned on remote islands. In the mid- 1970s, Suharto's regime invaded and ultimately annexed the former Portuguese colony of East Timor; the struggle led to the death of 100,000 Timorese...
...dissent in the country and was of a piece with the regime's press censorship and powerful military. It sought to curb the growth of Islamic fundamentalism. After an antigovernment riot inspired by Muslim protesters in 1984 and a subsequent rash of political bombings, a number of prominent Suharto opponents, including a former Cabinet member, were imprisoned...