Word: suharto
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...music of the lower class, complete with bawdy lyrics and sexually suggestive dancing, dangdut was cleaned up in the late 1970s and '80s when it was popularized by singers like Rhoma Irama, who diversified the music and turned the lyrics safely sweet. Cynical politicians began using dangdut musicians, including Suharto favorite Rhoma, to court the lower classes. "Dangdut has been corrupted for the political campaigns," says Kompas music critic Bre Redana. In a familiar Indonesian story, the music of the people became a tool of the powerful...
...Under Suharto, the military oversaw the police. The two forces were split in 1999 and ever since have jockeyed for jurisdiction, influence and the extra income they earn through unofficial?and sometimes illegal?sidelines. (Military and police officers have been accused of involvement in unlicensed logging, prostitution and drug dealing.) "Many military personnel," says Peter van Tuijl, an adviser on police reform for the Partnership for Governance Reform in Indonesia, "cannot accept being told what to do by the police." Last week's attacks suggest they haven't faced off for the last time...
...Wary of a warning from the military to stay in line, the protesters have said they won't try to topple the government. Still, Megawati knows that Suharto's downfall began under similarly volatile circumstances in 1998?Xand that elections are only 18 months away. Perhaps she needs to read her husband's book...
...Ghufron had fallen in with a group of fellow Indonesians living in Malaysia, led by Abubakar and his mentor Abdullah Sungkar, who shared poverty and a militant brand of Islam. Abubakar and Sungkar had fled Indonesia to avoid being thrown in prison by the government of President Suharto for espousing radical views...
...used by al-Qaeda for training recruits. Syawal, intelligence sources add, is also distinguished by his marriage to the daughter of Abdullah Sungkar, the Indonesian man who fled with radical cleric Abubakar Ba'asyir to Malaysia in 1985. Sungkar and Abubakar both es-caped jail sentences imposed by the Suharto regime and lived in exile in Malaysia for more than a decade. Sungkar died of natural causes in 1999, while Abubakar returned to Indonesia one year earlier, after Suharto's fall. He is now in detention on suspicion of involvement in the same Christmas 2000 bomb blasts to which Samudra...