Word: sumter
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Left and revisionist historians have argued in recent years that, in fact, Acheson and Truman fired the opening shots of the cold war, that such a policy as the Truman Doctrine was the equivalent of bombarding Fort Sumter. Acheson is aware of the argument, and like the careful lawyer he is, presents a formidable brief for the defense. Soviet troops had occupied the northern provinces of Iran; to force them out strong American pressure was needed. The Truman Doctrine, which combined military and economic aid, was developed only to counter Soviet designs upon the faltering regimes of Greece and Turkey...
CLEMENT FURMAN HAYNSWORTH JR. is the scion of four generations of South Carolina lawyers. His great-great-grandfather, Richard Haynsworth, began his law practice in Sumter in 1813, after the family moved from Virginia. His great-grandfather, also a lawyer in Sumter, died serving in the Confederate army at Bull Run. In the 1880s, his grandfather founded the family law firm in Greenville that Haynsworth left in 1957 when President Dwight Eisenhower appointed him to the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals...
...past, the U.S. has good reason to believe that the country as a whole is growing less violent. The roots of violence in the American past are obvious: the Revolution, the Indian wars, slavery, the Civil War, that crucial and necessary test between two societies (when Fort Sumter was fired on, Emerson said: "Now we have a country again. Sometimes gunpowder smells good"). Race riots erupted almost as soon as the Negroes were emancipated, the worst being the New York draft riots of 1863. The Ku Klux Klan relied on raw violence to keep the Negroes from exercising the rights...
...sending their children to white schools by fear of economic and physical retaliation. In Franklin County, N.C., when the local newspaper published names and addresses of 61 Negro children who applied at white schools, crosses were burned on their families' lawns and bullets fired into their homes. In Sumter County, Ga., a Negro mother was fired from her job within 24 hours after she had chosen a white school for her child. In Calhoun County, Miss., a Negro pupil registered for the seventh grade in a white school but failed to attend classes after her family was threatened...
Firm Hand. The Dred Scott decision alone made Taney extremely unpopular in the North, but public ire reached a crescendo after Fort Sumter, when he steadfastly opposed the war-harassed Lincoln Administration as it tried to circumvent constitutional safeguards for the sake of wartime efficiency...