Word: superiors
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...current conflict has been building ever since the Second Vatican Council, when some Jesuits began busying themselves in social action and in questioning papal teachings. In 1973 a harried Pope Paul VI wrote Superior General Pedro Arrupe to "express our desire, indeed our demand," that the Jesuits remain loyal to the papacy. In 1979 Pope John Paul II directed Arrupe to wipe out secularism and other "regrettable shortcomings...
Last year Arrupe, Superior General since 1965, cited age and health in asking John Paul's permission to resign. In August, felled by a stroke that left him partially paralyzed, Arrupe, 73, followed Jesuit legal procedure and selected a Vicar General (interim leader), American Father Vincent O'Keefe, 61, to run the order. O'Keefe is a former president of Fordham University. Unable to speak intelligibly because of his illness, Arrupe has not replied to John Paul's announcement that he was naming Dezza as "a delegate who will represent me more closely in the society...
When Arrupe was chosen Superior General, Dezza and O'Keefe were among his four advisers. Dezza, no reactionary but well to the right of both Arrupe and O'Keefe, is a philosopher and onetime rector of Rome's Pontifical Gregorian University. John Paul named the energetic Pittau to assist the aged, partially blind Dezza and take over "should he be impeded or die." Pittau, considered a moderate, is the sort of well-trained, efficient academic who catches John Paul's eye. A Harvard Ph.D. in sociology, he is rector of Tokyo's Sophia University...
...underprivileged children. But it serves another important role: as a laboratory for American pedagogy. In working with various teaching methods, Follow Through has fostered a wide variety of models. It also has added further fuel to what is still one of the hottest debates in U.S. education. Which is superior: what is known as low-structure teaching (education through experience) or high-structure instruction (stress on drill in the basics)? Many low-structure advocates, sometimes described as "gooeys," follow the theory, developed since 1920 by New York City's Bank Street College of Education, that learning must adapt...
Gail Hurst, a teacher for twelve years in San Diego, transferred out of a DISTAR program after three months. Says she: "I didn't like the robot, parroting answers the students had to give. " Yet DlSTAR's striking results led San Diego Superior Court Judge Louis Welsh last year to request the program to help upgrade minority schools. Joan Gutkin, Follow Through coordinator at New York's P.S. 1 37, points out that 70% of her second-graders in 1980 scored above the 50th percentile on the California Achievement Test, in contrast to only...