Word: suppressor
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...technique detects changes in the protein produced by p53, believed by many experts to be a tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in p53 have been linked to an increased predisposition in many patients for a number of tumors, including breast cancer...
What will impress telephone users aloft most, however, is the marked improvement in voice quality. The digital system, which represents and transmits information in strings of 0s and 1s that ensure accuracy, also comes equipped with a built-in computerized noise suppressor. Analog systems, which translate sound waves captured by microphones into electronic representations -- or analogs -- amplify the background noise along with the voice, and wax < and wane depending on atmospheric conditions. Using digital technology, the new phones achieve quality equal to what earthlings get calling across town, even with the faintest signal...
...both young and old patients. Most surprising, tamoxifen seemed to help even those women whose tumors were not of the type whose growth depends on estrogen. "The drug probably has other mechanisms of action," says Dr. Andrew Dorr of the National Cancer Institute. "It may be a tumor suppressor in and of itself...
...chief of New York City's Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. "But the lid of the black box has been opened, and we can see the wheels turning inside." The "wheels" are genes that regulate growth. Some, called oncogenes, activate the process of cell division; others, known as tumor- suppressor genes, or anti-oncogenes, turn the process off. In their normal form, both kinds of genes, working together, enable the body to perform the critical function of replacing dead or defective cells. But slight alterations in the genetic material, whether inherited or caused by environmental insult, can provoke the rampant...
Enter cyclosporine. Discovered in 1970 by a scientist at Sandoz, a Swiss pharmaceutical company, the drug was nearly abandoned as worthless. Unexpectedly, however, researchers found that it was a highly selective suppressor of helper T cells. By preventing the activation of the T cells, the drug interferes with the body's instinct to attack a transplanted organ. Yet unlike other suppressants, it does not affect other parts of the immune system. Cyclosporine is thus able to dampen the rejection reaction while leaving a large part of the body's infection-fighting defenses intact...