Word: suspects
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...which may indicate how badly a suspect needs a lawyer. But if he demands one, argues Inbau, "the interrogator may suggest that the subject save himself or his family the expense." He should then confidently add: "Joe, I'm only looking for the truth, and if you're telling the truth, that's it. You can handle this yourself...
...subtle threats or promises, and though no American need answer a single police question, those facts are generally unknown to the vast majority of arrested Americans-the poor in pocket, mind or spirit. For the Fifth Amendment does not automatically command police to inform anyone of his rights; the suspect himself must know those rights in order to exercise them. Ironically, this is no problem for the big-time crook with an attorney in attendance. For the suspect without a lawyer, however, interrogation is the most crucial phase of his entire case. And 60% of U.S. criminal defendants cannot afford...
...them are convicted by the police-not by judges and juries. And since most police insist that interrogation must be secret, the courts have no way of knowing just what led up to the confession. Without tapes, films or neutral witnesses, judges have no way of determining whether a suspect really talked freely or was tricked or bullied into "waiving" his right to silence, or even into confessing falsely-a not unknown reaction to the sinister air of the police station...
...hoses, explained a defendant's suspicious bruises by claiming that "he fell downstairs," or (in New Orleans) made hydrophobic Negroes talk by suspending them over a lake canal at night. Today, the goal is "rapport" with the "subject." Having discovered psychology, the cops induce "truth" by psyching the suspect...
...John E. Reid depict the modern interrogator as "a hunter stalking his game." They prescribe absolute privacy in a small, bare, windowless room. "Display an air of confidence in the subject's guilt," they urge. Appear to have "all the time in the world." The interrogator strips the suspect's status away by using his first name-"Joe" rather than "Mister"-and slowly moves his chair "closer, so that, ultimately, one of the subject's knees is just in between the interrogator's two knees." Says he: "Your mouth's very...