Word: sutlej
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Himalayan Snows. The problem of the Indus basin is that its six rivers (the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Beas) have their upper waters in India, yet flow through Pakistan to empty into the Arabian Sea. For 5,000 years-until partition-the river and canal network was developed as a single unit, creating a valley civilization that stretched back three millenniums before Christ. When the British took over in the 18th century, they added hydraulic engineering to the big and small canals leading off from the fingers of the river system. Some of the canals carry as much water...
Nehru (whose name means canal) was opening the first link in the Bhakra-Nangal Canal System, part of an Indian-financed, U.S.-engineered $327 million hydroelectric-irrigation project. Starting in the Himalayan foothills where the Sutlej River pours onto the plains, the project has more than 4,500 miles of canals, will eventually distribute water through an area twice the size of New Jersey, some of it in chronic famine...
...lodged a strong protest with New Delhi. For years the two nations have quarreled about water almost as much as they have quarreled over Kashmir. World Bank officials in Washington are trying to get them together on a plan for joint Indian-Pakistani development of the waters of the Sutlej and four other rivers which join the Indus (all of which flow out of Indian-held territory and give West Pakistan its life...
Though eventually there should be water enough for all, the new canal will divert the Sutlej River. waters, which irrigate much of Pakistan's fertile West Punjab, before Pakistan can build compensating canals. Pakistan fears that Nehru-or a less friendly successor-could, if he wished, turn West Punjab into the desert it once...