Word: swaraj
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South Africa was dress rehearsal for Gandhi's great cause, independence for India. From the day he arrived back home at 45, he dedicated himself to "Hind swaraj," Indian self-rule. More than independence, it meant a utopian blend of national liberty, individual self-reliance and social justice. Freedom entailed individual emancipation as well, the search for nobility of soul through self-discipline and denial. Most ordinary Indians, though, were just looking for an end to colonial rule. While his peace-and-love homilies may not have swayed them, they followed him because he made the British tremble...
Princes & Paupers. On the 17th anniversary of the Indian Congress' Purna Swaraj (complete independence) resolution of Jan. 26, 1930, India was almost completely free of Britain but in danger of lapsing into anarchy. The infant country faced these problems, among others...
Last week Mohandas Gandhi faced a revolt against his one-man campaign against sex in marriage. One follower, puzzled by Gandhi's exhortations to newlywed disciples to vow "self-restraint until Swaraj [Indian self-rule]," called for an explanation. "To marry thus," he wrote, "is surely an inconsistency. He who wants to refrain has no need to marry. ... To me the vow appears ridiculous...
Happy Days. In 1925, soon after Father became President of the Swaraj (Self-Rule) Party, Jawaharlal's wife fell ill and had to be taken to Switzerland. Krishna joined her brother there, and went from one international conference to another as his secretary. "The happiest time I spent was in Switzerland and Paris," she writes. "Often I have wished I could go back to those days and meet old friends again...
...obsessed India the politics of liberation must take the form of a religious struggle. Doffing his European store clothes and donning a dhoti, the little man moved against the British Empire in the name of four principles: satyagraha (acceptance of Truth), ahimsa (non-violence), swadeshi (home industry), swaraj (independence). From then on, the history of Indian-British relations has been a long, painful procession of thousands of nonresisting Indian nationalists passing in & out of British jails, or under the lathis (staffs) of Britain's police...