Word: sweden
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Sweden's dull-but-dirty skin flick I Am Curious (Yellow) was banned in Boston and remains banned, by a 7-1 vote of the U.S. Supreme Court that overturned a federal court decision against a censorious local tribunal. The lone dissenter was much-married Justice William O. Douglas, who emphasized that he voted as he did because he is against censorship-"not because, as frequently charged, I relish obscenity...
Layoff Bonuses. Governments usually stay clear of the negotiations, except to appoint a mediator occasionally, when the bargaining is especially tough. The government contributes to labor peace through selective intervention to aid the unemployed. Sweden's National Labor Market Board has a highly honed intelligence system to warn of impending layoffs in plants. Often, the board establishes an employment office on the spot to arrange to retrain workers and find them new jobs. It pays the travel cost of interviews for job seekers, as well as moving expenses and family allowances, plus a $130 bonus for each worker, just...
Every two or three years in Sweden, representatives of labor and management negotiate an umbrella agreement, setting the rates for wage increases across the country. The terms are then written into detailed contracts for each industry. New contracts negotiated last June provided for an increase of 6.5% during the first year, plus another 3.5% the second year. One reason why employers can afford such increases is that the LOs enthusiastically cooperate in raising productivity, which in Sweden alone has gone up at an average of more than 7% a year during the 1960s...
ATTITUDE: Each side takes care not to surprise the other. A labor-management committee meets three times yearly to discuss the next moves. It helps, too, that, as Clas-Erik Odhner, a top official of Sweden's LO, puts it, "everyone knows everyone else. We are all friends...
...Contracts are legally binding, and LO officials deal harshly with any wildcat strike, threatening to expel an offending local from the national union. They are backed by labor courts, which have the power to fine individual strikers. When 1,000 longshore men walked out at Gothenburg last month in Sweden's first sizable wildcat strike in 20 years, they prudently announced in advance that their protest against piecework wages would last only one week...