Word: switched
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...contraption they had concocted from some strips of gold foil, a chip of semiconducting material and a bent paper clip. As their colleagues watched with a mix of wonder and envy, they showed how their gizmo, which was dubbed a transistor, could take an electric current, amplify it and switch...
...logical solution was to replace the tubes: build a device that performed the same role--storing electrical charges--but that was less temperamental. The device was an electrical "switch" called a transistor, essentially a tiny electrical gate that controlled the flow of electrons that computers needed to do their math. Yet wrangling infinitesimally small electrons into place demanded phenomenally pure chemical surfaces. In the 1950s and '60s this was an act of near alchemy, certainly beyond the capabilities of most scientists. What the world needed was a reliable base for these circuits. What would...
After a weekend conferring with his top advisers, Grove decided to switch courses, and on Monday, with typical Intel discipline, he turned the company around. By the middle of the next week, Intel had agreed to spend $475 million to replace Pentiums. The company even offered in-home service. It was, says Grove, "a difficult education." It also turned, perhaps, into a bonanza. Intel's name became better known than ever. And once the firm agreed to replace any chips, customers began to appreciate its commitment to getting things right...
...next memories then switch to Saigon, Vietnam, to which his family moved when he was a second-grader...
...Tropical climates, tropical fruits and lizards on the wall...it was a real switch from Japan." Donoghue recalls. Faced with the Vietnam War, however, his family did not stay in Saigon long...