Word: synchrotron
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Arnold is convinced that his scheme is entirely feasible. As a demonstration, he reports in Science, he recently set up two detectors near Argonne's 12 billion-electron-volt proton synchrotron. Then he periodically inserted a small block of brass in the path of a beam of particles from the accelerator. The effect was predictable: whenever the metal was in the way, it slightly weakened but did not block the flow of muons to the detectors 160 yds. away. Arnold had in effect devised a simple Morse telegraph system. By appropriately timing the intervals during which the metal...
Radiation. At present the only method man has for producing muon beams of message-carrying strength is to use expensive atom smashers. But Arnold contends that less costly machines designed specifically to make muons could be built in the near future. According to his estimate, a 100 billion-volt synchrotron, capable of producing a muon beam with a range of up to 600 miles, would cost about $10 million. That is roughly the price of a system of microwave towers covering a comparable distance. Furthermore, Arnold says, there might actually be a savings if muon beams were used to take...
Energy Bonus. For their new machine, CERN's planners adopted an ingenious strategy. After being accelerated in the usual way in CERN's 28-BeV synchrotron, protons are deflected with powerful magnets into two large concentric rings. Particles are sent alternately in clockwise and counterclockwise directions in the interlaced vacuum tunnels (see diagram, previous page). The result is two opposing beams of protons, each packing a wallop of 28 BeV, which can meet nearly head-on at eight different points where the rings intersect. In those collisions between protons, both particles can be made to come virtually...
...high-voltage field, they are pushed by powerful pulses of high-frequency radio waves through a relatively short (500 ft.) linear accelerator. In the process, their energy is boosted to 200 million electron volts. Next, the protons are speeded through a 500-ft.-diameter doughnut-shaped device called a synchrotron booster, in which synchronized surges of power increase the energy of the protons to 8 billion electron volts. Then, in the vacuum tube of the big ring, the protons are accelerated by similarly synchronized pulses of such high energy that when they smash into the target areas, they will...
Breeder Reactor. One casualty is the Princeton-Pennsylvania proton synchrotron on the Princeton campus, which is used for basic particle research by 14 universities. From a recent budget of $5,000,000 annually, the synchrotron funds have now been cut to $3.5 million, and will be down to $2,000,000 next year. Beyond that the Atomic Energy Commission is cutting off funds completely-after a total investment of $30 million on a project that, according to Director Milton White, has not yet had a chance to reach its peak efficiency. Another important tool for probing the secrets...