Word: synchrotron
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...physics degree from Harvard and is a frequent contributor to DISCOVER magazine, talked with more than a hundred current and former Rubbia colleagues. Most of his interviews took place at Geneva's CERN laboratory, where, Taubes says, Rubbia almost single- handedly persuaded the directors to build the super proton synchrotron (SPS) accelerator used to discover the W and Z particles...
Those traces have helped physicists to track down more and more members of the large and seemingly limitless bestiary of subatomic particles. Last year, for example, Rubbia shared a Nobel Prize for having discovered, using the CERN super proton-antiproton synchrotron accelerator (SPPS), the W and Z particles. His finding provided proof for a theory that united two of the fundamental forces, electromagnetism and the weak force...
...fathoming the shape of HRV14, the Purdue and Wisconsin teams depended heavily on high technology. Using X rays produced by Cornell University's High Energy Synchrotron Source, they passed a beam through crystallized samples of the virus. Data derived from the interactions between the X rays and the viral atomic structure were then fed into Purdue's Cyber 205 supercomputer, which enabled the researchers to produce a detailed three-dimensional picture of the virus. In fact, the supercomputer was the hero of the project. "The final set of calculations were made in a month," says Michael Rossmann, who headed...
...CERN's fourmile, $400 million super proton synchrotron, Rubbia devised a method of creating supercollisions among subatomic particles that would, he predicted, produce the carriers of the weak force...
...first nobody believed his proposal, particularly since it would require the conversion of the synchrotron into a particle collider, at a cost of $55 million. Rubbia's notions, however, had one staunch supporter: Simon van der Meer, a senior engineer at CERN. Van der Meer designed a device critical to the taming of the colliding beams in Rubbia's experiment. In 1979 CERN gave Rubbia and Van der Meer a go-ahead for their project, and by 1983 the three particles had been found...