Word: synchrotron
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...Institute and the off-campus Argonne National Laboratory, which it runs for the AEC on a $79 million budget (paid by AEC), compared with $68 million for the university itself. To help fill the Midwest gap in research and defense contracts. Beadle counts on a new 12.5 billion-volt synchrotron at Argonne to lure physicists. Last month NASA began building a new space lab adjoining the Fermi Institute...
Brookhaven-Syracuse University study last summer in Geneva. Last week experimental teams on opposite coasts of the U.S. confirmed its existence. They used two of the world's largest atom smashers, Brookhaven's Synchrotron and Berkeley's Bevatron, to fire negatively charged K mesons into a hydrogen bubble chamber. After the mesons collided with hydrogen nuclei, the scientists found two K mesons that were the decay products of an even more ephemeral particle. It has a life span of just 2/1 0,000th of a billionth of a billionth of a second-or just long enough...
Astronomers believe that this vast flow of radio energy, which they call synchrotron radiation, comes from high-speed electrons moving through clouds of turbulent gas that have been expelled from the galaxy. Best estimates are that when those clouds were freshly expelled from the strongest radio galaxies, they contained 5 times 10^60 ergs. This jolt equals the amount of energy that would be released if all the matter in 2,500,000 suns were totally converted into energy. Such total conversion is theoretically possible, but astrophysicists do not know of any way that it could take place...
They found their answer in the enormous alternating gradient synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island. That mighty machine can spin protons up to the energy of 33 billion electron-volts, bounce them off targets and produce all sorts of atomic debris-including neutrinos. Physicists figured that any new type neutrinos created by this monstrous slingshot should have as much as i billion volts of energy. They would not be nearly so numerous as the neutrinos flooding out of a nuclear reactor, but their high energy should allow them many more ways of interacting with matter; as a result...
...team that laid out the momentous experiment was led by Columbia Professors Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, and helped by Brookhaven scientists in charge of the synchrotron. First step was to shoot the machine's high-energy protons at a beryllium target and produce an intense beam of pions-which decay rapidly into muons, neutrinos (perhaps the new type), and other nuclear odds and ends. After shooting across some 70 ft., this beam of mixed particles hit a shield of battleship armor 42 ft. thick that stopped everything but the neutrinos, which sailed on unheeding...