Word: synchrotrons
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Another difficulty is the electrons' habit of losing much of the energy that is stuffed into them. When electrons move in a magnetic field, they turn some of their energy into "synchrotron radiation" that shoots off like mud slinging off a wheel. The more energy they have, the more they radiate away. When they have been fattened to about 1 billion electron-volts (or 1 BEV, as physicists call it), they begin to radiate visible light. At 2 BEV, they radiate the more powerful ultraviolet rays. At 4 BEV, they radiate X rays, losing several million electron-volts...
Just beyond the spark chamber, shielded by many feet of concrete and steel, curves the half-mile ring of Brookhaven's 30-bev (30 billion electron volts) synchrotron, world's largest atom smasher. If the physicists' calculations are correct, when the synchrotron goes into operation one of its products will be a vast number of neutrinos, snippets of energy powerful enough to penetrate the shielding and slip into the chamber, where they may be spotted by means of spark trails. Scientists expect to decipher the trails and learn some of the deepest secrets of the universe...
...HONEYMOON MACHINE. The production-line product at close to its best: a neat little cybernetic comedy in which the bank at a Venice casino is broken by a fellow named MAX (Magnetic Analyzer Computer Synchrotron...
...less than 550 ft., and construction and operation costs could be cut by 35%. Curtis' projection was underscored at the same A.P.S. session when Brookhaven National Laboratory's Dr. G. Kenneth Green proudly reported that the world's biggest atom smasher, the Brookhaven alternating gradient synchrotron, was now in full-scale operation. Costing $31 million, the synchrotron can generate up to 33 or 34 billion electron volts (BEV) by boosting protons through an underground circular metal tube at fantastic speeds...
...world's most powerful atom smasher is in neither the U.S. nor in Russia; it is in Switzerland. In the rolling countryside three miles northwest of Geneva, the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) has built a great new proton synchrotron designed to produce 25 billion electron volts. Half buried in a hillside, it is a huge doughnut of magnet steel, 656 ft. in outside diameter. Last week British Physicist John B. Adams, chief of CERN's Proton Synchrotron Division, ordered slight corrections in the magnetic field, watched as the protons sped faster and faster around their circular...