Word: systemic
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...what is clear is that Goldman is taking significant trading risks, opening the firm up to the possibility of big losses at a time when regulators and lawmakers are trying to reduce the dangers of the nation's financial system, not increase them. At the end of the first quarter, Goldman's measure of value-at-risk, which tracks how much the financial firm could lose in one day, rose to $240 million. That was up over $80 from just over a year ago, and it is 10 times the risk the firm used to take on a daily basis...
...idea behind the transplant is simple. In type I diabetes, the patient's own immune system turns on the beta cells that produce insulin, the hormone that breaks down the glucose we eat in food. Eventually, the immune cells will virtually eliminate all of the body's beta cells, and glucose levels will start to climb. Researchers believe that the trigger for this attack lies somewhere within the immune cells, so one possible treatment for the disease may be to wipe out the entire existing immune system and replace it with a fresh one, derived from stem cells without this...
That's the strategy that Voltarelli's team tested. First, they carefully extracted a population of immune stem cells from the bone marrow of each diabetes patient. Then each person was treated with radiation, similar to the regimen that cancer patients receive, in order to destroy the immune system. Afterward, each patient received his own stem cells back by injection. The scientists traced blood levels of a protein, C-peptide, that beta cells produce, in order to confirm that whatever remaining beta cells the patient had were now able to grow again and repopulate the pancreas - and produce insulin. Sure...
That's the theory. But some experts point out that, in practice, stem cell transplants are not always a home run. For one, transplantation is a grueling and toxic process in which a portion of the body's tissues - the immune system - is destroyed with dangerous radiation. Then, there is the question of timing. In most cases, patients with type 1 diabetes do not show symptoms of their disease - such as high blood sugar levels - until they have depleted their beta cell population considerably. Dr. David Nathan, director of the diabetes center at Massachusetts General Hospital, notes that at this...
...from $109; with seven days, you can fly from New York City to San Francisco starting from $119. In-flight, order from a good snack menu, choose from a 25-film library or chat with the clever cutie three rows back, with Virgin America's seat-to-seat chat system. Tickets must be purchased by April 20 and must be used between April 14 and June 10 or from August 25 to October...