Word: systemization
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...atmosphere, however, was sketchy. There was, at that time, only the one Mt. Rainier underground explosion to serve as an example. The only observable products of an underground explosion are shock waves, waves which are very similar to those of an earthquake. The experts concluded that a control system of 180 stations equipped with seismographs would be adequate to detect with "good probability" explosions of five kilotons or more. Such a system could also spot tests of smaller extent but with less reliability...
...rushed through a series of tests just before its October deadline for ceasing them last fall. On Oct. 1, 1958, the three nuclear powers began to negotiate the political realization of the system agreed upon by the experts...
...succeeding 11 months the political machinery to direct the system has been agreed upon: a control commission, administrator, and regular conferences of signatory nations. Provision for re-evaluation of the effectiveness of the inspection system was obtained. The West and Russia compromised on the duration of the treaty (it is to be indefinite as the Russians insisted) and withdrawal right (any time the treaty was not fulfilled, the West's point). Furthermore the West obtained Soviet agreement on the installation and operation of control stations in each other's territory, a measure hitherto rejected by the security-minded Russians...
...data may require modifications in the control system, but it will not result in the exclusion of underground tests from the agreement. The efficiency could be restored by several simple measures: seismographs located at the bottom of deep holes to minimize background noise, unmanned seismographs every 100 miles in certain areas rather than every 600 as formerly suggested, or the "inelegant method" of increasing the number of seismographs at each station from...
...pact's most significant aspects, U.S. officials said, is its provision for a revolutionary system of international inspection in Antarctica. It gives each of the 12 nations the right, on mere advance notice, to check the other's installations, equipment, ships and planes in the Antarctica at any time...