Word: systemization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Unanimously required the Montgomery County, Ala., board of education to assign teachers and other staff members to each of its schools this year in a ratio of at least one black to every five whites. In so ruling, the court supported a quota system for the first time -and may well have opened a Pandora's box of litigation involving race quotas in such areas as industrial promotions, school admissions and housing rentals. The quota, which was originally ordered by District Judge Frank Johnson, had been pronounced too inflexible a standard by a federal appeals court. But Justice Hugo...
...composed of officers, who reach their verdict by a two-thirds vote, instead of by a jury of their peers whose verdict must nearly always be unanimous. The Uniform Code of Military Justice, Douglas noted, continues to be primarily an instrument of discipline and not justice. He indicted the system as "marked by the age-old manifest destiny of retributive justice" and as "singularly inept in dealing with the nice subtleties of constitutional...
...most blatant appeal to the freeloader in Everyman occurs at Cavanagh's on West 23rd Street, where drinking is done on the honor system; waiters bring full whisky bottles and setups to the tables, and customers are expected to tot up their own bar bills. "If you tell us you only had one double bourbon we'll believe you," reads an ad for Cavanagh's, and Ellman says: "We want the customer to feel that he's putting one over on us, that he's got the edge...
...Michael Chance in Birmingham, England. In a recent issue of the British journal New Scientist, two of them, Christopher Brannigan and Dr. David Humphries, report that the team has isolated and catalogued no fewer than 135 distinct gestures and expressions of face, head and body. This human semaphore system, they explain, is not only capable of expressing an extraordinary range of emotions but also operates at a lower-and sometimes different-level of consciousness than ordinary speech...
...most pressing problem at present, but also the one that the exchange, under Haack, has gone farthest toward overcoming. It is slowly phasing into operation a Central Certificate Service, which will transfer stocks from one brokerage account to another by making electronic bookkeeping entries. That will end the archaic system under which messengers now lug bags of stock certificates between brokers' offices in the Wall Street area. This week the exchange also will show off to the press a new computerized system for matching the institutions' big buy-and-sell orders. Next month the exchange will relieve crowding...