Word: tamm
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Even as all Moscow reverberated with the volleys of invective loosed upon Boris Pasternak (see FOREIGN NEWS), the Nobel Prize committee announced that the prize in physics had been awarded to Russian Physicists Pavel A. Cherenkov, Igor I. Tamm and Ilya M. Frank. Without a trace of embarrassment over its inconsistency, Soviet officialdom beamed, and nobody charged (as they had with Pasternak) that it would amount to accepting a "handout" from "the enemy." All three Russians rank high in the esteem of,the outside world as well as in the Soviet scientific hierarchy. Dr. Tamm is often rated...
...Cherenkov radiation remained a tantalizing mystery until three years later. Two other Soviet physicists, Ilya M. Frank and his senior, Igor Tamm (who studied at Edinburgh and speaks English with a Scottish burr), became interested, worked out a strange but correct theory. When gamma rays pass through water, they hit electrons, and the impact bumps the electrons up to high velocities. The electrons do not move faster than light in a vacuum (186,000 m.p.sec., the Einsteinian speed limit of the universe), but they do move faster than light in water, 140,000 m.p.sec. For exceeding the local speed limit...
...Judge Tamm acknowledged the fact that his ruling, if upheld by higher courts, would cause major problems for the armed forces. It surely would. There are more than 265,000 dependents overseas with American servicemen, along with nearly 142,000 civilian employees of the armed forces. All these would seem to be placed in a sort of legal sanctuary by Judge Tamm's projection of the Toth decision. The U.S. Bureau of Prisons estimates that the Tamm ruling could free at least 50 persons who, like Mrs. Covert, were civilians overseas with the armed forces and therefore beyond...
...Hand of the Thief? As Government lawyers sat down last week to figure out their appeal from the Tamm decision and to consider the ruling's possible effects, they developed more questions than answers. Among them: ¶ If U.S. military courts cannot try civilians abroad, who can? The U.S. may give back to the foreign countries which have surrendered it by treaty, jurisdiction over American civilians with its armed forces. But would such revision meet American standards of justice? For example, should an American national be forced to stand trial before a French Communist judge? Or should...
Both Judge Tamm in the Covert case and the Supreme Court in its Toth decision suggested a possible solution to the dilemma. The Congress, they said, could enact legislation giving the U.S. civil courts jurisdiction over certain civilians abroad who are exempted, by treaty or otherwise, from the jurisdiction of local courts. As a Defense Department spokesman said last week, in referring to the armed forces dependents and employees overseas: "They are U.S. citizens and we cannot leave them free to go their merry way with no accountability. We want all our people accountable somewhere...