Word: tanzania
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Much credit for bringing the Patriotic Front back to the conference table went to leaders of the front-line African states (Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana and Angola), which provide crucial support to the guerrillas. Staggering under severe economic pressures, these countries have been urging their Patriotic Front wards to negotiate a settlement of the costly seven-year war. Frontline leaders were shocked by Carrington's strong-handed tactics and feared that the success of the talks was being "jeopardized" by a mere technicality. Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere, a key sponsor of the Lancaster House talks, invited the other front...
Among these changed circumstances behind the Patriotic Front's dramatic shift has been the pressure exerted by the so-called front-line states (Tanzania, Botswana, Angola, Mozambique, Zambia), on which the guerrillas depend for most of their support. Faced with serious economic difficulties at home, the front-line leaders have been anxious for an end to the long and costly war and have not been shy about arm twisting. Warned Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere in London's New Statesman: "If any wing of the Patriotic Front should develop doubts or hesitations about fighting such an open election...
...base camps in Mozambique and Zambia, but without crippling the Patriotic Front; Nkomo and his partner Robert Mugabe now have an estimated 12,000 fighters operating inside Zimbabwe Rhodesia, almost double the number of a year ago. Tiring of the stalemate, the guerrillas' backers in the "frontline states" (Tanzania, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique and Botswana) have prodded Nkomo and Mugabe to be more flexible. Simultaneously British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher has been pressuring Muzorewa to accept amendments to the Zimbabwe Rhodesia constitution that would remove some of the privileges accorded the country's 230,000 whites (in a population...
...Patriotic Front leaders may also have little to gain from participation in election. If the Front agreed to a ceasefire, it would throw away its strongest card. President Julius Nyere of Tanzania reportedly believes that Nkomo and Mugabe would sweep free elections in an independent Zimbabwe; other observers are not so sure. It is possible that the long-standing military and political rivalry between ZAPU and ZANU, the two wings of the Front, might create confusion if Nkomo and Mugabe were to run together. Tribal rivalries would also play a role, since Nkomo is a Karanga and Mugabe a Zezeru...
...Britain has attempted to reintroduce the kind of constitutional arrangements which brought independence to many other colonies, notably Sri Lanka and Kenya. While none of these arrangements provided for the kind of white-controlled government found in Rhodesia, some did include minimal safeguards for the white population. In both Tanzania and Zambia, about 1/7 of assembly seats were reserved for whites for a limited time. The task for Britain, and for the delegates to the London conference, is to come up with an equally fair and manageable arrangement for Zimbabwe. It is also needed to insure that Zimbabwe will wind...