Word: tanzania
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...Tanzania's President Julius Nyerere, the cooperative societies envisioned by Prime Ministers Michael Manley of Jamaica and Forbes Burnham of Guyana. Despite their great differences, these socialisms have several things in common. First, all these societies call themselves socialists, although their beliefs may be rooted less in Marxism than in nationalism or an indigenous phenomenon like the communalism of tribal Africa. Second, largely because of their experience with colonialism, they reject capitalism as identifiable with imperialism and exploitation. Third, they pursue policies aimed at decreasing the role of private property in the economy and sharply curbing investment by private foreign...
...give the lie to the Marxist claim that it is necessarily capitalism and not socialism that enslaves the human spirit. Economically, socialism has logged impressive achievements, sometimes against tremendous odds. Yet in comparing neighboring countries where one is socialist and the other is not (North Korea v. South Korea, Tanzania v. Kenya), the statistical evidence almost always favors the nonsocialist nation...
...record on liberty of some Third World socialists is no better than that of the Marxist-Leninists. Tanzania's prisons contain about 1,500 opponents of Nyerere's regime. Mozambique's socialist rulers have herded up to 10,000 "undesirables," including political dissidents, into primitive "reeducation camps." Iraq's xenophobic Baathist socialists have not held national elections since they came to power in 1968, and any critic of the Ahmed Hassan Bakr regime is quickly arrested by the Soviet-trained secret police...
Through villages like Luhanga, Nyerere hopes to prove that socialism can reorganize and modernize his country, which ranks among the world's 25 poorest. Tanzania's leaders have fashioned one of the world's most egalitarian societies. Thanks to sharply progressive taxes, the earnings ratio between the highest-and lowest-paid citizen is now 9 to 1, down dramatically from about 100 to 1 at the time of independence from Britain 16 years ago. A strict "leadership code" bars most civil servants from drawing more than one salary, owning rent-producing property, or riding around in limousines...
...upheavals created by the forced relocation and nationalization have pushed Tanzania's economy toward bankruptcy. A lack of consumer goods has encouraged well-organized smuggling; huge quantities of Tanzanian coffee, tea, cotton and cattle clandestinely find their way to free markets in neighboring Kenya. Peasants who have to rely on the state-run distribution network spend days carting their harvests to central crop-collection centers. Once there, they often camp for weeks, sleeping atop bales of cotton or mounds of corn, waiting for cash payments to arrive from Dar es Salaam...