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...father of homespun African socialism, he has been one of the Third World's most prominent statesmen. But to the more than 20 million people of Tanzania, the nation he founded, Julius Kambarage Nyerere, 63, is best known simply as Mwalimu, Ki-swahili for "teacher." Although he has failed during his 24 years in power to create the prosperous, egalitarian society that he once envisioned, his policies will continue to shape the country--and the continent--for decades. This month Nyerere is scheduled to become one of the few African rulers ever to relinquish power voluntarily...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Tanzania: Making a Graceful Exit | 4/18/2005 | See Source »

Nyerere's successor is Ali Hassan Mwinyi, 60, former President of Zanzibar, a semiautonomous island off the Tanzanian coast.[*] Mwinyi was nominated to succeed Nyerere last September by the national executive committee of Tanzania's sole political party, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi, or Revolutionary Party. He will run unopposed in popular elections scheduled for this week. Meanwhile, in other parts of Africa, voters in the Ivory Coast (pop. 10 million) are expected this week to endorse 80-year-old Félix Houphouët-Boigny's uncontested bid for a sixth five-year term as President. In Liberia (pop. 2 million...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Tanzania: Making a Graceful Exit | 4/18/2005 | See Source »

Nyerere began his journey to greatness as a boy in the village of Butiama, near Lake Victoria, where he was born into the Zanaki, one of the smallest of Tanzania's more than 120 tribes. He finished at the top of his class at a British-run school and became the first person in the colony to attend university abroad, in Edinburgh, where, says a long-time observer of Tanzanian affairs, "he was captured by the ideology of the British Labor Party at the time. He is deeply involved in Fabian socialist principles, which he believed he could graft onto...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Tanzania: Making a Graceful Exit | 4/18/2005 | See Source »

...import food to feed the population of Dar es Salaam, the capital. As a result, ujamaa has been allowed to die a quiet death, and roughly 85% of the population has gone back to subsistence farming. Meanwhile, the nationalized industries are working at only about 20% of capacity. Tanzania's expensive 1979 military intervention in neighboring Uganda to topple the brutal dictatorship of Idi Amin further accelerated the economic decline. Says one international banker: "The place is an economic basket case...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Tanzania: Making a Graceful Exit | 4/18/2005 | See Source »

...many ways, Nyerere managed to improve the lot of his people. He instilled a sense of national pride among the country's diverse tribal groups, and promoted Ki-swahili as the national language, factors that have contributed to Tanzania's having what is perhaps the lowest level of tribal strife of any country on the continent. In addition, Tanzania's 83% literacy rate is among the highest in Africa, health care has been improved, and the government has demonstrated concern for human rights...

Author: /time Magazine | Title: Tanzania: Making a Graceful Exit | 4/18/2005 | See Source »

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