Word: tariffs
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Porther & Shamrock. In economic terms, Ireland's insular ideal proved disastrous. True to the aims of the Sinn Fein (Ourselves Alone) movement, the government in the '30s discouraged foreign investment in Ireland, raised some of the world's highest tariff barriers to exclude British goods and protect new, highly inefficient domestic industry. The result of its belt tightening was a rising tide of emigrants that by 1956 reached 600,000, highest since the 1890s...
Total Effort. Lemass' most bruising disappointment in office was Charles de Gaulle's rejection of British membership in the Common Market last year. Determined to take Ireland into Europe alongside Britain, Lemass had already started whittling tariff barriers to give Ireland's older and most cosseted industries a whiff of the cold competitive wind outside. To clear the way for Ireland's entry, which he now believes cannot come before 1970, Lemass has unequivocally committed his nation, which has 9,000 men under arms, to support of NATO policies. In 1949, at NATO's founding...
...Lemass, by contrast, one of the most compelling motives for seeing Britain and Ireland inside the European Community is the very prospect that Ireland would thereby take a step closer to reunification. Automatic dismantling of their mutual tariff barriers under Common Market rules, says Lemass, would finally necessitate a degree of cooperation between Protestant and Catholic Ireland. Instead of the present prolonged farce of nonrecognition-neither country will even permit extradition of criminals by the other-and continued stagnation of Ulster's economy, Lemass foresees "a total national effort in which old differences and animosities can be forgotten...
...Common Market levy threatens to close U.S. poultry farmers' richest export market. In a broader sense, the chicken tariff has become the test of whether the Common Market really wants freer trade with the U.S. After Europeans-and chiefly the Germans-began developing a taste for chicken five years ago, U.S. exports rose spectacularly, reaching $28 million in 1962's first six months. Then the great chicken war opened when the Common Market, spurred by its own poultry raisers, last year began raising the tariff on U.S. chickens to cut the heavy flow. Result: U.S. exports have since...
Behind the hike were the French, who introduced the higher tariff and persuaded the Germans to go along with it. But German poultry farmers have little to thank the French for; by cutting off the U.S., the French hope to win a greater share of the lucrative German chicken market for their own poultry farmers. The U.S. has asked the Common Market to start negotiations later this month aimed at setting aside the increase. If the negotiations fail, the U.S. is legally entitled under GATT to retaliate against Common Market imports-a step that would give it little satisfaction...