Word: tatum
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...immediate concern to all men. Last summer TIME'S editors explored this mysterious area at the root of life in a cover story on Geneticist George Wells Beadle of Caltech (TIME, July 14). Last week the Nobel Prize committee chose Coverman Beadle and his partner Edward L. Tatum to share 1958's award for Medicine (see SCIENCE). The other half of the award went to Dr. Joshua Lederberg, 33, whom TIME'S story singled out as "probably the world's greatest young geneticist...
Half of the $41,420 prize will go to the team of George Wells Beadle of Caltech (TIME, July 14), who is this year's George Eastman Visiting Professor at Oxford University, and Edward L. Tatum of Manhattan's Rockefeller Institute. Working together at Stanford University in 1940, they discarded the fruit flies traditionally used in studying heredity, employed instead a selected red bread mold, Neurospora crassa. The mold is easier to handle, its life chemistry is simpler, and yet it reproduces sexually...
...half of the $41,420 prize goes to Dr. Joshua Lederberg, 33, of the University of Wisconsin and the other half to Drs. E.L. Tatum, 49, of New York's Rockefeller Institute, and George Wells Beadle, 55, of the California Institute of Technology...
...start of the experiment, Beadle and Tatum resolved to make at least 1,000 tries before giving up. Such perseverence was not necessary. On the 299th try they found an ailing spore that needed only vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine) to make it grow lustily. When it had mated with a normal mold, it transmitted its need for vitamin B-6 to its descendants in the proper Mendelian manner for a single mutated gene...
...Attitude. When Beadle and Tatum reported their success in 1941, they had quite a collection of defective molds, each needing some extra nutrient or having some other gene-controlled chemical ailment. In a few years their imitators filled their own laboratories with molds as unnatural as the most monstrous fruit flies. The coral fluffs of normal Neurospora are rare in the test tubes and Petri dishes. In their place are blackish warts, lichenlike incrustations, or sick-looking globules. One horrible kind of mold grown in a moving liquid floats in bunches with limp limbs like soft, dead crabs...