Word: teruel
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Bessie got his first shock on joining the Lincoln Battalion after its retreat from Teruel. Of 500 men who had started the battle there were about 100 filthy, unarmed survivors, silent or snarling, lying dead-beat on a hillside. In a week, with new replacements and an issue of old Russian Imperial Army rifles, they had to slog back into the line, still dopey with fatigue. "You fired till the rifle got too hot to handle; then you opened the bolt and blew down the barrel and let it cool, resting your face on your extended arm, waiting...
...Loyalist Spain and thus rob Britain and France of an excuse to withdraw recognition. Long and heated conferences took place in the big, flat-faced brown stucco Spanish Embassy on the Avenue George V in Paris. But Don Manuel, who has been wanting to surrender since the Rebels took Teruel a year ago, flatly refused to leave the safety of Paris. Peace at any price was his line. General Vicente Rojo, Loyalist Chief of Staff who crossed over into France with the fall of Catalonia, also declined to go home. French and British diplomats applied pressure at this opportune time...
...communications cut, its food supplies, gone, its ammunition exhausted, the Loyalist Army disintegrated almost overnight into a disorganized rabble. As the Rebels pressed relentlessly on, a wild churning wave of soldiers and civilians, rushing for the border, rolled before them. Veterans of Belchite, Teruel, the Ebro campaigns carried their rifles, hauled machine guns and field pieces, even drove tanks up to the frontier, where they were confiscated. They were determined not to let General Franco capture any war weapons. At one point alone 4,000 were crossing the French border every hour. At another point a Loyalist Army band played...
...Generalissimo Franco's avid blue-penciling censors for long. Notable exception is New York Times Correspondent William P. Carney, who has minimized Italian help to the Rightists, mentioned Moorish troops infrequently, reported denials of large-scale executions, called the Rightists "Nationalists" and described the Rightist reoccupation of Teruel seven weeks before that city was retaken. Even ardent Rightist Carney last week apparently felt he had to go to Gibraltar before he cabled that mediation was "debated on all sides from every angle" in Rightist Spain...
...Ebro River last fortnight to make a 240-square-mile dent in the north side of Rightist Generalissimo Franco's salient-to-the-sea, Spain's Leftists last week launched another. The second dented the south side of the salient, some 30 miles west of battered Teruel. Taking advantage of the fact that the Rightists had shipped 40,000 troops from the Teruel area to the Ebro front, bald-domed General José Miaja, commander-in-chief on the southern Leftist front, pushed his forces through thinly-held Rightist lines in the Universales Mountains. He drove down...