Word: tested
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...much longer prologue than was once suspected. "What we're saying is that AIDS has been around for a long time but just wasn't recognized," Elvin-Lewis explains. It is possible, Tulane's Garry speculates, that the AIDS virus mutated and became more lethal in the 1970s. To test that hypothesis, he plans to spend much of the next year or so attempting to reconstruct viral genes from Robert R.'s tissue. "We know that the virus was not epidemic in 1969, so we might be able to identify the changes between then and now that enabled...
Wolfe's heroes are men who can be reckless in their commitments to professionalism, another name for courage. He has admired these types before, most fully in his portrait of Test Pilot Chuck Yeager in The Right Stuff. In The Bonfire of the Vanities, the type is represented by a feisty old Jewish judge, an Irish criminal lawyer and an Irish investigator for the D.A.'s office. Wolfe pays conditional tribute to what he identifies as Celtic machismo, a refusal to back off from confrontations, and passes on the street theory that regardless of race or background, all members...
...been a year of dramatic progress and turbulence for scientists experimenting for the first time outside the lab with genetically engineered bacteria. This past April, California scientists made the first outdoor tests of ice-minus, a bacterium genetically altered to retard frost formation on leaves. Only four months later, Montana State University Professor Gary Strobel created a national outcry when it became known that he had flouted strict federal regulations by failing to get approval before injecting elm trees with bacteria designed to combat Dutch elm disease. This week Clemson University scientists, mindful of public fears about the escape...
...behave unpredictably in the wild, setting off an ecological catastrophe or disrupting local ecosystems. Most scientists consider the public's fears exaggerated, but they nonetheless acknowledge the need for caution. Says David Drahos, a senior research group leader at Monsanto, the giant chemical maker that is sponsoring the Clemson test: "We are all in the process of learning something very new and wanting to do it wisely and carefully...
Indeed, the experiment represents an attempt by Monsanto to accommodate regulatory guidelines that many scientists think are too strict. It is also aimed at mollifying public fears. Monsanto had originally planned to test a strain of Pseudomonas altered to produce a natural insecticide. The EPA nixed the field test, mainly because its formal evaluation was incomplete. Still, worried residents living near the Missouri test site protested loudly...